Section 5.1 - If Statements

Inside a subprogram body, between the "is" and the "end <name>", is a sequence_of_statements. A sequence_of_statements is simply - well - a sequence of statements, each terminated with a semicolon. There are many different kinds of statements; we've already seen assignment statements and procedure call statements. We'll now examine a few other kinds of statements, starting with the if statement.

If statements determine if some condition is true, and then execute some sequence of statements depending on that determination. Here's a trivial example that determines if A is equal to B; if it is, A receives the value of B plus one. If A isn't equal to B, A receives the value of B minus one: 

 if A = B then
    A := B + 1;
 else
    A := B - 1;
 end if;

Here's the full BNF for the if statement: 

if_statement ::=
  "if" condition "then"
     sequence_of_statements
  {"elsif" condition "then"
     sequence_of_statements}
  ["else" 
     sequence_of_statements]
  "end if;"

Like other algorithmic languages, if `condition' is true the `then' part is executed. Otherwise, the elsif clauses (if any) are checked in first-to-last order, again looking for a true condition. Finally, if none of the conditions are true, the `else' clause is executed (if there's an "else" clause).

Notice that the keyword "then" is mandatory (it doesn't exist in C or C++).

Quiz:

What is the final value of A in the following sequence of statements? 

 A := 5;
 B := 6;
 if A > B then
  A := 7;
 else
  A := A - 2;
 end if;
  1. 3
  2. 5
  3. 7
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David A. Wheeler (dwheeler@dwheeler.com)

The master copy of this file is at "http://www.adahome.com/Tutorials/Lovelace/s5s1.htm".